📚 Oracle SQL Syllabus

🧪 Oracle SQL Lab Tutorial Syllabus

Objective: This lab-based Oracle SQL tutorial is designed to build a strong practical foundation in SQL programming using Oracle Database. Each lab includes step-by-step exercises, real-world scenarios, and SQL scripts for active learning.

🔍 Lab 1: Introduction & Basic Queries

• Explore Oracle SQL*Plus
• SELECT – Retrieve data from a table
• Practice: Query employees and departments
• Analytical SQL Questions for Employees & Departments

🔃 Lab 2: Sorting and Filtering Data

• ORDER BY, WHERE, DISTINCT
• AND, OR, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, IS NULL
• Practice: Filter employees by salary, department

🔗 Lab 3: Joining Tables

• INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER JOIN
• CROSS JOIN, SELF JOIN
• Practice: Combine employee and department data

📊 Lab 4: Grouping and Aggregation

• GROUP BY, HAVING
• CUBE, ROLLUP, GROUPING SETS
• Practice: Salary summaries, department counts

🔁 Lab 5: Subqueries

• Sub Query Basics
• Simple and Correlated Subqueries
• EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, ANY, ALL
• Practice: Find high earners per department
• Practice Problems

➕ Lab 6: Set Operations

• UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS
• Practice: Combine and compare queries

🔄 Lab 7: Pivoting Data

• PIVOT, UNPIVOT
• Practice: Crosstab salary reports

🎚 Lab 8: Limiting Rows

• FETCH FIRST, OFFSET
• Practice: Top earners, latest hires

🏗 Lab 9: Creating and Modifying Tables

• CREATE, ALTER TABLE
• Virtual Columns
• Practice: Create custom project table

📁 Lab 10: Data Types

• NUMBER, CHAR, VARCHAR2, DATE, TIMESTAMP
• NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, INTERVAL
• Practice: Define appropriate types

🔐 Lab 11: Constraints

• PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY
• NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT
• Practice: Create relational schema

✏️ Lab 12: Modifying Data

• INSERT, INSERT ALL, UPDATE, DELETE
• MERGE for UPSERT
• Practice: Populate employee/project data

⏳ Lab 13: Temporary Tables

• Global and Private Temporary Tables
• Practice: Use for session-specific data

👁 Lab 14: Views

• CREATE, DROP, Updatable Views
• WITH CHECK OPTION, Inline Views
• Practice: Build report views

⚡ Lab 15: Indexes

• CREATE, DROP, Unique, Function-based, Bitmap Index
• Practice: Improve query performance

📛 Lab 16: Synonyms

• CREATE, DROP SYNONYM
• Practice: Use synonyms for object access

🔢 Lab 17: Sequences

• CREATE, ALTER, DROP SEQUENCE
• Practice: Use sequences for IDs

🔢 SQL & PL/SQL CONCEPTUAL EXERCISE

• Constraints in DBMS
• SQL DDL and DML Explained Simply with Examples
• Key Responsibilities of a Database Administrator (DBA)
• Data Integrity vs. Data Inconsistency in DBMS
• DBMS Layered Architecture Made Easy
• Employee DBMS: Keys & Queries Explained Simply
• Library Database Design & Table Modification
• Library Database Design Explained
• SQL to Relational Algebra
• Relational Algebra: Schema Design
• Reducing Data Redundancy for Better Database Integrity
• Concurrency Issues in Retail: Managing with Oracle
• Analyze DBMS Schema of a Bank Management System
• SQL Queries for University Department Data
• SQL Operations on Student Table
• Designing Employee Table with SQL Constraints
• Sub Query Basics : Oracle DBMS
• Sub Query Advanced : Oracle DBMS
• Properties of DBMS : Atomic Stage
• DBMS Constraint : Primary & Foreign Key
• Oracle PL SQL Basic Example Practice
• Stored Procedure for Order Management
• PL SQL Cursor for Information Retrieval
• Database Normalization & ER Diagram
• Sub Query with RDBMS
• Trigger in Oracle Database
• Ensuring Atomicity in E-commerce
• Sub Query for Customer & Order Management
• Normalization of a Database Table
• Database Trigger for Audit Table
• Oracle Explicit Cursor
• ER Diagram & DBMS: Design, Consistency, Atomicity, Integrity
• Properties of DBMS Transection
• Trigger for Product Management
• subqueries for employee management system
• Online Item Order System – Database Normalization
• Explicit Cursor and Stored Procedure for Employee Management
• Order management system using trigger and cursor together. 
• Normalization up to 3rd Level
• Retail store database management using subquery and aggregate function
• Banking System using PL SQL and ACID Property
• ER Diagram for an  University

📛 PL SQL LAB Based Exercise

Section 1: SQL Subquery & Join Questions (30 Questions)

• Overview of Subqueries
  • Single-row vs Multi-row Subqueries
  • Correlated vs Non-Correlated Subqueries
• Overview of SQL Joins
  • INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER, CROSS
• Combining Subqueries with Joins
• Lab Questions 1–30
  • Problem Statements with Sample Tables
  • SQL Query Solutions
  • Step-by-Step Explanation and Output

Section 2: PL/SQL Trigger Lab Exam (30 Questions)

• Introduction to PL/SQL Triggers
• Types of Triggers: BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF
• Row-level vs Statement-level Triggers
• Trigger Syntax and Examples
• Lab Questions 1–30
  • Problem Statement
  • Sample Table Schema
  • Step-by-Step Solution
  • Explanation

Section 3: PL/SQL Stored Procedure

• Q31 – Safe Delete Product with Exception Handling
  • Problem Description
  • Sample Table Schema
  • Stored Procedure Syntax
  • Exception Handling Techniques (WHEN OTHERS, NO_DATA_FOUND, etc.)
  • Step-by-Step Execution
  • Output and Explanation

Section 4: PL/SQL Cursor Lab Exam (30 Questions)

• Introduction to Cursors
• Implicit vs Explicit Cursors
• Cursor Attributes (%ROWCOUNT, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %ISOPEN)
• Cursor Loops and FOR Loops
• Lab Questions 1–30
  • Sample Database Schema for Practice
  • Problem Statements
  • Cursor Implementation Solutions
  • Step-by-Step Explanations

Section 5: Additional Resources

• Best Practices for PL/SQL and SQL Queries
• Common Errors and Debugging Tips
• Recommended References and Tutorials

🧰 Tools Required

• Oracle Database (XE or Standard)
• SQL Developer or compatible tool
• Sample schema: HR, SCOTT, or custom dataset

✅ Learning Outcomes

• Master Oracle SQL fundamentals
• Write optimized SQL queries
• Design and manage Oracle database objects

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