Database Languages – TCL (Transaction Control Language) with Oracle Examples

Database Languages – TCL (Transaction Control Language)

Oracle SQL examples for managing transactions and ensuring data integrity.

TCL (Transaction Control Language) is used to manage transactions in a database, ensuring ACID properties and data consistency.

1. What is TCL?

  • Controls transactions made by DML commands.
  • Ensures atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability (ACID).
  • Only affects data changes, not structure.

2. Common TCL Commands

CommandPurposeOracle Example
COMMITSave changes permanently
COMMIT;
ROLLBACKUndo changes in transaction
ROLLBACK;
SAVEPOINTSet a point to rollback partially
SAVEPOINT sp1;

3. Oracle Examples in Detail

COMMIT Example

INSERT INTO student VALUES (101, 'Ahsan', 'DBMS');
COMMIT;

ROLLBACK Example

INSERT INTO student VALUES (102, 'Arif', 'AI');
ROLLBACK;

SAVEPOINT Example

INSERT INTO student VALUES (103, 'Rafi', 'DBMS');
SAVEPOINT sp1;
UPDATE student SET course='AI' WHERE student_id=103;
ROLLBACK TO sp1;

4. Key Points

  • Manages transactions after DML operations.
  • Ensures data integrity and ACID compliance.
  • COMMIT saves permanently, ROLLBACK undoes changes.
  • SAVEPOINT allows partial rollbacks within a transaction.

5. Summary

TCL (Transaction Control Language) ensures safe and consistent database operations. Commands include COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT to manage transactions and maintain data integrity.

TCL, Transaction Control Language, Oracle SQL, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT, transactions, ACID, DBMS tutorial

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