📚 Oracle SQL Syllabus

🧪 Oracle SQL Lab Tutorial Syllabus

Objective: This lab-based Oracle SQL tutorial is designed to build a strong practical foundation in SQL programming using Oracle Database. Each lab includes step-by-step exercises, real-world scenarios, and SQL scripts for active learning.

🔍 Lab 1: Introduction & Basic Queries

• Explore Oracle SQL*Plus
• SELECT – Retrieve data from a table
• Practice: Query employees and departments
• Analytical SQL Questions for Employees & Departments

🔃 Lab 2: Sorting and Filtering Data

• ORDER BY, WHERE, DISTINCT
• AND, OR, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, IS NULL
• Practice: Filter employees by salary, department

🔗 Lab 3: Joining Tables

• INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER JOIN
• CROSS JOIN, SELF JOIN
• Practice: Combine employee and department data

📊 Lab 4: Grouping and Aggregation

• GROUP BY, HAVING
• CUBE, ROLLUP, GROUPING SETS
• Practice: Salary summaries, department counts

🔁 Lab 5: Subqueries

• Sub Query Basics
• Simple and Correlated Subqueries
• EXISTS, NOT EXISTS, ANY, ALL
• Practice: Find high earners per department
• Practice Problems

➕ Lab 6: Set Operations

• UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS
• Practice: Combine and compare queries

🔄 Lab 7: Pivoting Data

• PIVOT, UNPIVOT
• Practice: Crosstab salary reports

🎚 Lab 8: Limiting Rows

• FETCH FIRST, OFFSET
• Practice: Top earners, latest hires

🏗 Lab 9: Creating and Modifying Tables

• CREATE, ALTER TABLE
• Virtual Columns
• Practice: Create custom project table

📁 Lab 10: Data Types

• NUMBER, CHAR, VARCHAR2, DATE, TIMESTAMP
• NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, INTERVAL
• Practice: Define appropriate types

🔐 Lab 11: Constraints

• PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY
• NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT
• Practice: Create relational schema

✏️ Lab 12: Modifying Data

• INSERT, INSERT ALL, UPDATE, DELETE
• MERGE for UPSERT
• Practice: Populate employee/project data

⏳ Lab 13: Temporary Tables

• Global and Private Temporary Tables
• Practice: Use for session-specific data

👁 Lab 14: Views

• CREATE, DROP, Updatable Views
• WITH CHECK OPTION, Inline Views
• Practice: Build report views

⚡ Lab 15: Indexes

• CREATE, DROP, Unique, Function-based, Bitmap Index
• Practice: Improve query performance

📛 Lab 16: Synonyms

• CREATE, DROP SYNONYM
• Practice: Use synonyms for object access

🔢 Lab 17: Sequences

• CREATE, ALTER, DROP SEQUENCE
• Practice: Use sequences for IDs

🧰 Tools Required

• Oracle Database (XE or Standard)
• SQL Developer or compatible tool
• Sample schema: HR, SCOTT, or custom dataset

✅ Learning Outcomes

• Master Oracle SQL fundamentals
• Write optimized SQL queries
• Design and manage Oracle database objects

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📘 C Programming Language

🖥️ Learn C Programming From Scratch

Master C with practical examples, easy tutorials, and hands-on projects

📘 C Programming Syllabus

This is a detailed C programming syllabus designed for a 6-month semester. It is suitable for undergraduate students or beginners learning C programming.

📘 Module 1: Introduction to Programming (Weeks 1–2)

• Basics of programming
• History and importance of C
• Structure of a C program
• Compilation and Execution Process
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Constants
• Variables
• Data Types
• Input/Output Functions (printf(), scanf())

💡 Practice Problems for C Programming

• Variables, Input, and Output: Write a C program to declare variables, take user input, and display the output.
• Integer Data with Arithmetic Operators: Perform basic arithmetic operations using C.
• Integer Division with Type Casting: Display division result as a floating-point using type casting.
• Area of a Circle: Calculate area using π × r².
• Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion: Convert Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit.
• Absolute Value: Display absolute value of any number.
• Float & Double Manipulation: Handle and display float/double types.
• Even / Odd Check: Check if a number is even or odd.
• Positive / Negative / Zero: Check a number's sign.
• Find Largest and Smallest: Determine the largest and smallest of three numbers.

🎥 Reference Videos: Playlist 1 Playlist 2

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🧮 Module 2: Operators and Expressions (Week 3)

• Comprehensive Guide to Operators in C Programming: Explained with Examples
• Arithmetic
• Relational
• Logical
• Assignment
• Bitwise Operators
• Increment/Decrement
• Conditional and Special Operators
• Type conversion and precedence

Practice Problems for C Programming

🔁 Module 3: Control Structures (Weeks 4–5)

Decision making:

• if
• if-else
• if-else-if Ladder
• switch

Loops:

• for
• while
• do-while

Jump statements: 

• break
• continue
• goto

🧵 Module 4: Arrays and Strings (Weeks 6–7)

• 1D Arrays
• 2D Arrays
• Multidimensional Arrays
• C String Programming Basics
• 5 beginner-friendly problems with code of String in C
• String operations and functions (strcpy, strlen, etc.)


• Array Practice Problems


• String Practice Problems

• 🆕Top 5 Array and String Problems in C (ICPC Style) 🌟

🧩 Module 5: Functions (Weeks 8–9)

• Function declaration, definition, and calling
• Call by value and call by reference
• Recursion

📍 Module 6: Pointers (Weeks 10–11)

• Basics of pointers and pointer arithmetic
• Pointers and arrays
• Pointers with functions
• Pointers to pointers

📦 Module 7: Structures and Unions (Weeks 12–13)

• Declaring and using structures
• Array of structures and nested structures
• Introduction to unions
• Difference between structures and unions

📁 Module 8: File Handling (Weeks 14–15)

• File functions: fopen(), fclose(), fprintf(), fscanf()
• Reading/writing text and binary files
• Use of file pointers
• Exercise of File Programming

💾 Module 9: Dynamic Memory Allocation (Week 16)

• Memory allocation functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free()
• Memory leaks and handling

⚙️ Module 10: Preprocessor Directives (Week 17)

• #define, #include, #ifdef, #ifndef
• Macros and conditional compilation

🔀 Module 11: Miscellaneous Topics (Week 18)

• Command-line arguments
• Enumerations and typedefs

🛠️ Weeks 19–24: Project & Final Assessment

• Mini project development
• Internal assessments and lab tests
• Final practical and written exams

🧪 Lab Work / Assignments

• 100-125 practical programs based on the above modules
• Sample mini projects: Student Record System, Bank Management System, File Encryption Tool

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